SESAME STREET premiered on November 10, 1969. The very first scene was a clay-animated sequence showing two crates forming the words "Sesame Street", followed by the opening theme music. The first regular performer to appear on screen is Gordon (
Matt Robinson) who introduces one of his students to his wife, Susan, as well as
Bob and
Mr. Hooper.
Big Bird also appears, though the first puppet-style Muppets to appear on screen were
Ernie and Bert.
During this first season, Big Bird and
Oscar the Grouch were the only Muppets to regularly appear in Street scenes, while Ernie and Bert and others debuted in separate segments. Big Bird had a much more naïve voice and a smaller head with fewer feathers, and Oscar was a "toxic" orange. Cast members
Bob McGrath,
Will Lee (Mr. Hooper),
Matt Robinson (
Gordon Robinson) and
Loretta Long (
Susan) were the original human cast members. With the exception of Mr. Hooper, who died in the early 1980s (along with the actor in real life), the other original characters are still with the series as of 2006, making them some of the longest continually-running non-
soap opera characters in American entertainment. Bob and Susan are played by the original actors, but Gordon has been played by three different actors. The original Gordon was slimmer, with a large
afro and a sideburn/mustache combo. (Actor
Matt Robinson was one of the show's producers during this first year.)
The original episodes had a much more literal, almost lecture-like tone to the Street scenes, closer in style to its original contemporaries like
Mister Rogers Neighborhood or
Captain Kangaroo. With time, the Street-scenes became more natural and plot-like, with less breaking of the
fourth wall.
Sesame Street's format as established in 1969 would remain virtually unchanged for decades: live-action street scenes (sometimes following a minor plotline) would alternate with Muppet comedy skits, musical numbers and short film segments. Many of the Muppet scenes and films were created so that they could be replayed over and over (at least one segment would be repeated within any given episode); some of the segments made in 1969 would continue to be rebroadcast into the 1990s until they were finally retired.
The 1970s
In the second season of Sesame Street, the show quickly started to develop new elements, and polish off old ones.
More Muppets
Grover, as of yet unnamed, went from having brownish-green fur to his familiar fuzzy blue coat.
Oscar, who originally had a bright, blinding orange fur with yellow eyes, changed to his forever messy, dirty green fur, with white eyes. Originally just a gag monster,
Cookie got his name in the premiere episode.
Big Bird, who looked rather dim-witted in the first season because of the small amount of plumage above the head, grew new feathers. While his appearance changed to show more intelligence, his personality followed suit. No longer a slow, pea-brained adult, he was now just a really tall 6-year-old kid with lots of curiosity.
Throughout the decade, more Muppets were added, due to popular demand.
Herry,
The Count,
Little Bird,
Sherlock Hemlock,
Roosevelt Franklin, and
Herbert Birdsfoot all made debuts in this decade. Roosevelt, an African-American puppet, would turn out to be one of the most popular characters, even spawning solo records. But with growing fears that the character's out-going, snappy, occasionally smart-alec personality might be misinterpreted as a negative stereotype of blacks, the character left when its voice, the original
Gordon Robinson, was replaced.
Sam the Robot, originally known as Sam the Machine, was a full-body puppet robot that strangely hung out on the inner-city New York streets. It both walked and talked slowly, just as it caught on very slowly, too slow to make the cut for future seasons. A dog named Woof-Woof was added as human librarian Linda's pet. His name later was changed to
Barkley.
More humans
The human element of the neighborhood expanded as well, bringing the friendly faces of Molly, Tom, Rafael, and longer lasting characters like
David,
Maria Figeuroa, and
Luis Rodriguez. David and Maria's characters would show obvious affection toward each other; it remained a mutual crush, as there was never any signs of a serious relationship. Their long-lasting love continued into the early-to-mid-80s, when it became a
love triangle with Luis.
Also added was deaf actress
Linda Bove playing a character called
Linda. She was the first deaf regular on any television series, let alone in children's television. As a librarian, she was a positive role model to those with disabilities, and broke down barriers for those without, proving that the disabled could make valid contributions to society.
Off the show
The
Sesame Street on Ice show was produced and toured around the United States. Also, the human cast toured in a live musical stage show, predecessor to
Sesame Street LIVE!.
The 1980s
The
1980s brought more new muppets- Telly Monster, Elmo, the Honkers, the Dingers, Forgetful Jones and Placido Flamingo. Elmo started as just an anything muppet monster. Few guessed that he would become a legend in the coming decade. The major lasting human characters added to the show were
Gina Jefferson and Bob's
Uncle Wally.
1985 also saw the characters on movie theater screens for the first time in
Sesame Street Presents: Follow That Bird.
Specials
1983 saw the 90-minute special
Big Bird in China, a co-production with Chinese state TV, which aired on NBC.
Remembering Mr. Hooper
The 1980s brought about episodes and
story arcs exploring important themes, such as
birth,
death and
marriage.
Perhaps the most important of these "Sesame Street" episodes concerned the passing of
Mr. Harold Hooper.
Will Lee, who had portrayed Mr. Hooper since the series' first season, died in December
1982, leaving the producers with a dilemma: What to do with Mr. Hooper's character? Several different scenarios were explored, such as hiring another actor to play the beloved storekeeper, or perhaps write out Mr. Hooper's character as having moved away. However, the producers decided these options would cause distress among young viewers.
Eventually, the show's writing team completed a script that was later selected by the
Daytime Emmys to be one of the ten most influential moments ever on daytime television - one focusing on the death of Mr. Hooper.
The show aired on
November 24,
1983 (
Thanksgiving Day, so that parents could be home to watch the episode with their children and discuss it afterward).
In the episode, Big Bird had scrawled a picture of Mr. Hooper, and wanted to present it to him. However, Mr. Hooper was nowhere to be found, prompting Big Bird to ask his adult friends to help look for him. The adults remind Big Bird that Mr. Hooper had died some time ago. No big deal, reasons Big Bird, since he'll just wait for him to come back. This forces the adults to tell him the painful truth: When someone dies, they never come back. Big Bird realizes the loss and breaks into tears. The adults begin to cry as they console Big Bird and explain that every one has to die someday and that it is a natural part of life. By episode's end, Big Bird eventually realizes that Mr. Hooper has died, but both he and his adult friends will have many happy memories to remember him by.
In later interviews, cast members admitted the "Mr. Hooper farewell" episode was one of the most painful they ever had to do. In addition to explaining the process of life and death, this episode showed its childhood audience that it is OK for people - children and adults alike - to grieve when someone beloved dies.
Snuffy is real
Another landmark episode of the show took place in
1985, and concerned the revelation of Big Bird's "imaginary friend,"
Snuffleupagus, to the adults.
For years, Snuffleupagus – or "Snuffy," as Big Bird called him – was known only to Big Bird (and sometimes children as well), but always seemed to never be around when the adults came into the area. The adults often chided Big Bird for using Snuffy as a
scapegoat for things gone wrong when they were away.
Finally, Big Bird became frustrated with all the grownups refusing to believe that Snuffy was real, so he decided to summon them to his nest by yelling a magic word, 'food'. The plan worked as Big Bird hoped and the adults entered the room and saw the unusual creature. Snuffy introduced himself, and Big Bird asked for an apology.
Snuffy was originally conceived as a nod to
imaginary friends children often have. However, the
Children's Television Workshop ended this running gag in light of high-profile stories on
pedophilia and
sexual abuse of children that had aired on shows such as
60 Minutes and
20/20 in the mid-1980s. The thinking was, if nobody believed what Big Bird says, children who were sexual abuse victims might be afraid to report what happened, since the adults would not believe them.
Despite the Children's Television Workshop's intentions, some longtime fans of Sesame Street said the revelation of Snuffy to the outside world created a suspension of disbelief. It is sometimes cited as a moment when Sesame Street "
jumped the shark."
Baby Miles and the Rodriguez wedding
On a brighter note,
Gordon and
Susan Robinson adopted little baby Miles in 1985. In 1988,
Maria's and
Luis' love culminated, leading eventually to a wedding, in which Elmo was a ring-bearer. This was a twist to the plot, with Maria ending her truly evident crush on David, Maria and Luis led an active romance on-camera, Maria becoming pregnant just months later, and giving birth to baby
Gabriella. Shortly after, the actor who played David died. This death wasn't addressed on camera: The character itself was just handled as if nothing was missing. Producers likely didn't want to have a second death episode in the decade. Gina continued her operation of
Hooper's Store, now becoming manager.
20th Anniversary
The show celebrated its 20th anniversary with an hour-long special titled Sesame Street: 20 and Still Counting hosted by
Bill Cosby, featuring many classic excerpts. It was aired not on PBS but on
NBC.
Off the show
Sesame Place theme park opened in Pennslyvania, touting rides, attractions and parades themed to Sesame Street. Also,
Sesame Street LIVE! arena tours were first organized with
VEE Entertainment. These shows featured
costumed characters based on the Muppets in the show, with multiple touring groups, each acting different plot lines. These were a replacement for the earlier shows featuring the human cast.
Joe Raposo, the musical director for the show, died in
1989. Many diehard fans linked his death to the start of a constant shrinkage of the irreverence that originally helped the show's popularity.
Also during the 1980s, rumors began to spread about the relationship between
Muppet characters
Bert and
Ernie, who share a one-bedroom apartment and star in blackout skits in the series. Various sources began suggesting the two characters were
homosexual partners. This rumor persisted into the 1990s, thanks to the growth of the then-new medium of the
Internet. However, producers with
CTW have continually denied that Ernie and Bert were gay
[1], and are nothing more than just friends.